Protanomaly – Red cones are abnormal; red looks dimmer and shifts toward green.

Protanopia – Red cones are missing; red appears black or dark gray.

Deuteranomaly – Green cones are abnormal; green shifts toward red (most common type overall).

Deuteranopia – Green cones are missing.

Tritanomaly – Blue cones are limited; blue looks greenish, yellow looks pinkish.

Tritanopia – Blue cones are missing; blue looks green, yellow looks gray or violet.

Rod monochromacy (achromatopsia) – No functional cones; only rods work, so vision is in black, white, and gray.

Blue cone monochromacy – Only blue cones work; red and green cones are missing.