Bread Primary Country/Region Bread Type Notes
Baguette France Yeasted loaf Long, crusty wheat loaf
Pain de campagne France Country loaf Rustic sourdough-style bread
Brioche France Enriched bread Butter-and-egg rich
Fougasse France Flatbread Leaf-shaped Provençal bread
Ciabatta Italy Yeasted loaf Open crumb, chewy
Focaccia Italy Flatbread Olive-oil rich, often topped
Pane carasau Sardinia, Italy Crisp flatbread Very thin, dry “music paper” bread
Grissini Italy Breadstick Thin, crisp sticks
Pretzel (Brezel) Germany Yeasted knot Lye-dipped, glossy crust
Pumpernickel Germany Rye loaf Dense, dark rye bread
Vollkornbrot Germany Whole-grain loaf Dense whole rye/wheat
Rugbrød Denmark Rye loaf Dark, seeded sour rye
Knäckebröd Sweden Crispbread Dry rye cracker-bread
Limpa Sweden Rye loaf Often spiced and lightly sweet
Soda bread Ireland Quick bread Bicarbonate-leavened
Barmbrack Ireland Fruited loaf Sweet tea bread
Bara brith Wales Fruited loaf Tea-soaked fruit bread
Lángos Hungary Fried flatbread Usually savory toppings
Obwarzanek Poland Ring bread Chewy, sesame/poppy topped
Chleb na zakwasie Poland Sourdough loaf Traditional sour rye/wheat
Bagel Jewish diaspora (Poland origins) Ring bread Boiled then baked
Bialy Poland/Jewish diaspora Roll Onion/poppy center, no boiling
Matzo Jewish cuisine Unleavened flatbread Passover staple
Challah Jewish cuisine Enriched braided loaf Egg-rich Sabbath bread
Pita Levant (Middle East) Pocket flatbread Steam-puffed pocket
Markook Levant Thin flatbread Large, very thin saj bread
Manakish/Man’oushe Lebanon/Levant Flatbread Often topped with za’atar
Lavash Armenia/Caucasus Flatbread Thin, soft or dried
Shotis puri Georgia Yeasted bread Canoe-shaped tandoor bread
Khachapuri Georgia Filled bread Cheese-filled regional styles
Simit Türkiye Ring bread Sesame-crusted ring
Bazlama Türkiye Flatbread Soft griddle bread
Sangak Iran Flatbread Pebble-baked whole wheat
Barbari Iran Flatbread Thick, oval yeast bread
Taftoon Iran Flatbread Thin leavened Persian bread
Naan South Asia Leavened flatbread Tandoor-baked
Roti/Chapati India/South Asia Unleavened flatbread Daily whole-wheat bread
Paratha South Asia Layered flatbread Pan-fried, flaky
Kulcha India/Pakistan Leavened flatbread Often stuffed
Bhatura India Fried bread Puffy, often with chole
Poori/Puri South Asia Fried bread Small puffed unleavened bread
Luchi Bengal (India/Bangladesh) Fried bread Refined flour version of puri
Sheermal India/Pakistan/Iran influence Enriched flatbread Saffron, lightly sweet
Mantou China Steamed bread Plain northern wheat staple
Shaobing China Baked flatbread Sesame crust, layered
Bing (various) China Griddle/baked breads Broad category of wheat breads
Naan-e Afghani Afghanistan Flatbread Large tandoor bread
Bolani Afghanistan Stuffed flatbread Pan-fried, often potato/leek
Roti canai Malaysia Layered flatbread Indian-influenced, flaky
Roti jala Malaysia Net bread Lacy crepe-like bread
Bánh mì bread Vietnam Baguette style Light crust, airy crumb
Pandesal Philippines Bread roll Slightly sweet breakfast roll
Ensaymada Philippines Enriched bread Sweet, buttery spiral
Shokupan Japan Milk bread loaf Soft, fluffy pullman loaf
Anpan Japan Sweet bun Bread with red-bean filling
Khobz Morocco/North Africa Round loaf Everyday wheat bread
Msemen Morocco Layered flatbread Folded, pan-cooked
Batbout Morocco Pita-like flatbread Pan-cooked pocket bread
Aish baladi Egypt Flatbread Whole-wheat Egyptian pita
Injera Ethiopia/Eritrea Fermented flatbread Spongy teff sourdough
Kisra Sudan Fermented flatbread Thin sorghum bread
Agege bread Nigeria Yeasted loaf Soft, fluffy, slightly sweet
Tortilla (corn) Mexico Unleavened flatbread Nixtamalized corn staple
Tortilla (flour) Northern Mexico/US Southwest Flatbread Wheat tortilla
Bolillo Mexico Yeasted roll Crusty sandwich roll
Telera Mexico Soft roll Torta sandwich bread
Arepa Colombia/Venezuela Griddled corn bread Split and filled
Pan de yuca Ecuador/Colombia Cheese bread Cassava starch + cheese
Pão de queijo Brazil Cheese bread Tapioca starch rolls
Broa de milho Portugal/Brazil Corn bread Dense cornmeal loaf
Coco bread Jamaica Soft folded bread Often used for sandwiches
Johnnycake/Bake Caribbean Fried/baked bread Regional island variations
Frybread Indigenous North America Fried bread Modern powwow staple
Damper Australia Soda/camp bread Traditional bush bread
Rewena bread Aotearoa New Zealand (Māori) Fermented potato bread Distinct tang from starter