| Copper |
Build (construction), Fuel & Power (electrical grids, renewables), Move (electric vehicles) |
Central to electrification and renewable energy infrastructure; demand is surging . |
| Iron Ore |
Build (steel for buildings and infrastructure) |
Fundamental for global construction and urbanization . |
| Gold |
Make (jewelry, electronics), Financial reserves |
Traditionally a safe-haven asset; also used in technology and luxury goods . |
| Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, Graphite |
Move (batteries for electric vehicles and electronics) |
Critical minerals for the rapid growth of electric transportation and energy storage . |
| Rare Earth Elements (REEs) |
Make (permanent magnets, electronics, defense), Move (EV motors), Fuel & Power (wind turbines) |
Essential for high-tech, defense, and green technologies; supply chain is highly concentrated . |
| Potash & Phosphate |
Feed (fertilizers for agriculture) |
Vital for global food security and agricultural productivity . |
| Coal |
Fuel & Power (electricity generation) |
Still accounts for a significant portion of global electricity generation, despite the energy transition . |
| Aluminum |
Build (construction), Make (consumer goods, vehicles) |
Lightweight metal crucial for various manufacturing and construction sectors . |
| Uranium |
Fuel & Power (nuclear energy) |
Key input for nuclear power, which is gaining renewed momentum as a low-carbon energy source . |
| Zinc, Tin, Manganese |
Build (steel alloying, corrosion protection), Make (soldier, batteries) |
Important industrial metals with diverse applications in manufacturing and infrastructure . |